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About Topological Insulator
A topological insulator is a material that behaves as an insulator in its interior but whose surface contains "protected" conducting states required by time-reversal symmetry and by the topology of the quantum description of the insulator. This is due to the quantumn hall effect in the material which is a quantumn version of hall effect and we can observe quantumn oscilation in magnetic properties measurement. So it has a band gap but also have surface conducting states which is shown as a Dirac Cone in the ARPES image. If this material could be put into application we would have devices with much less resistance which means fewer power dissipation and higher efficiency. Now the topological insulators that researchers are most interested in are Bi2Se3 and Bi2Te3 with various kinds of dopants as they show excellent properties of topological insulator.
Here is a good article explaining what is topological insulator
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Here is a good article explaining what is topological insulator
>>Click here